
In April 2012, an American band that went by the same name filed a trademark infringement lawsuit. Recording took place in Stockholm, London and Los Angeles, as One Direction worked with producers Carl Falk, Savan Kotecha, Steve Mac, and Rami Yacoub, among others. After the tour concluded in April 2011, the group continued working on their debut album.

During the tour, the group performed for 500,000 people throughout the UK.
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The same month, the boy band and other contestants from the series participated in the X Factor Live Tour. A book licensed by One Direction, One Direction: Forever Young (Our Official X Factor Story), was published by HarperCollins in February 2011, subsequently topping The Sunday Times Best Seller list. Recording for their debut album began in January 2011, as they flew to Los Angeles to work with RedOne, a record producer. Shortly afterwards it was confirmed that One Direction had been signed by Cowell to a reported £2 million Syco Records record contract. One Direction achieved third place in the competition and immediately after the final, their song "Forever Young", which would have been released if they had won The X Factor, was leaked onto the internet. To promote the album, the band performed on both the American and British versions of The X Factor. Despite being released at the year's end, it was the best-selling album worldwide in 2013 with 4 million copies sold globally.

The album was described by the band as edgier and as having a "slightly rockier tone" than their previous efforts. 15 of the album's 18 songs were written by members in the band (Tomlinson being the leader with 12 writing credits) compared to only four songs being written by the group on Take Me Home and three on Up All Night. The album has since been recognized as a turning point in the musical style of the band, with sites quoting it as having a "significant shift in sound" in addition to the solos in songs being more evenly spread out in contrast to their previous two albums.

It debuted at number one in the UK and in the US, making them the first group to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 with its first three albums, and the second to reach the top after The Monkees in 1967. Midnight Memories was released globally on 25 November 2013.
